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Disciplinary Measures

• Review the full DISCIPLINARY MEASURES section. It was fully updated.

Control Definition

• A live player secures a ball and can intentionally retain, carry, or direct it.
• A valid catch requires control and one point of contact inbounds.

Entry and Queue Rules

• If a valid catch happens before the entering player reaches the queue, that player may touch the queue and re-enter immediately.
• A player cannot become an entering player on the same sequence of play as a valid catch.
• One catch from one live ball brings in one teammate in out order.
• Entering players become live once they establish one point of contact inbounds.
• Out-of-order entry sends the player to the back of the queue, and no player enters from that catch.
• If re-entry in error causes interference, officials may issue a Blue Card.
• If the first player in the queue enters in error, the team gets a verbal warning; interference may result in a Blue Card.
• Entering players may not have a ball in hand until they become active on the court.
• If an entering player carries, rolls, or intentionally touches a ball before becoming live, that ball is forfeited and the player is out.

Match Timing

• Round robin matches are 24 minutes.
• Single-elimination matches are 24 minutes, semifinals are 30 minutes, and finals are 40 minutes.
• Foam and No Sting timed games are 3 minutes within the overall match timer.
• Foam/No-Sting: A game point is earned only by eliminating the entire opposing team.

Bracket format

• The single-elimination bracket may split into an upper and lower bracket based on team count.
• 24 or more teams: upper bracket of 16 teams.
• 12-23 teams: upper bracket of 8 teams.
• Fewer than 12 teams: one bracket with all teams.

Designated Ball Retrievers

• Active players cannot be designated ball retrievers.

No Blocking

• If a game has not concluded within the time limit, it will enter No Blocking. The game is briefly stopped and resumes with the same players. Balls do not reset.
• After transitioning to No Blocking, at the end of a game or match, the burden count will reset.
• If the match clock expires during No Blocking, play continues without interruption and the current game becomes a match-end No Blocking game.

Round Robin Seeding Tiebreakers

• Sum of total match points
• Match win = 3 points
• Match tie = 1 point
• Match loss = 0 points
• Total game points scored
• Game points differential
• Head-to-head outcome
• Coin flip

Opening Rush (Cloth)

• Once a ball fully crosses center line, possession belongs to the team that brought it to that side.
• Opposing players must relinquish grip on contested balls once possession is established.
• Failure to relinquish grip may result in a Blue Card if excessive.

Burden

• Foam/No-Sting: Burden resets on every valid throw by either team.
• Cloth: Burden is established by majority ball possession.
  • If balls are equal, officials determine majority potential by nearest player to reachable dead ball(s).
  • Only active players on the burdened side can relinquish burden via valid throws.
  • Burden is relinquished when that side no longer has majority possession.
  • If "play [n] balls" is called, n is one less than balls in possession, capped by live players.

Cloth Throw Clock and "Play [n] Balls"

• Throw clock starts at 10 seconds.
• Burdened team gets 5 seconds to relinquish majority possession.
• If still burdened after 5 seconds, officials call "play [n] balls".
• If players have clearly started a throwing motion, officials delay the call until motion completion.
• After the call, the burdened team must make [n] attempts within 5 seconds.
• If they fail to make enough attempts, players controlling balls at call who failed to attempt are out.
• Additional players may be called out to meet [n], capped by unthrown balls in possession at call time.
• Captain or coach selects additional out players; if delayed, officials choose.
• If a ball-controller is eliminated before attempting, balls in their control are counted as thrown for "play [n] balls".

Cloth Blockbacks and Hitbacks

• Blockbacks or blocking attacks are valid throws.
• A ball that hits an opponent and ricochets back remains live until sequence completion.
• A blocked ball ricocheting back to the throwing team remains live until sequence completion.
• If a ricochet re-crosses center line back to the throwing side, it remains live and completes sequence.
• If the throwing team catches a ricochet after it hits an opponent, the catch is valid and the opponent is out.
• If the throwing team catches a ricocheted block, the catch is valid and the blocker is out.

Stoppage of Play

• When possible, referees should stop play when no live balls are in flight and no player is actively engaged in play.
• Referees may delay a timing action to avoid interrupting an active play.
• Referees may stop play immediately to prevent a sequence of play beginning or resolving in error.

Timeouts

• Each team gets 1 timeout per standard bracket match and 2 per semifinal or final playoff match.
• Timeouts may last up to 2 minutes.
• During a timeout, play is stopped and all match and game clocks are stopped.
• Timeouts may only be requested between games or during a stoppage of play.